OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of different root canal sealers to dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were examined and the coronal and middle thirds of the canals were prepared with a 1.50 mm post drill (FibreKor Post System, Pentron). The teeth were allocated in two experimental groups, irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA or saline solution (control group) and instrumented using Race rotary files (FKG) to a size #40 at the working length. Then, the groups were divided into four subgroups and filled with Epiphany sealer (Group 1), EndoREZ (Group 2), AH26 (Group 3) and Grossman's Sealer (Group 4). After 2 weeks of storage in 100% humidity at 37ºC, all teeth were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. The maximum load at failure was recorded and expressed in MPa. RESULTS: Means (±SD) in root canals irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA were: G1 (21.6±6.0), G2 (15.2±3.7), G3 (14.6±4.5) and G4 (11.7±4.1).Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed the highest bond strength for the Epiphany's group (p< 0.01) when compared to the other tested sealers. Saline solution decreased the values of bond-strength (p<0.05) for all sealers. CONCLUSION: Epiphany sealer presented higher bond strength values to dentin in both irrigating protocols, and the use of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA increased the bond strength values for all sealers.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resistência de união de um sistema adesivo condicione-e-lave à dentina irrigada com hipoclorito de sódio 1% (NaOCl) e ácido etilenodiaminotetracético 17% (EDTA). METODOLOGIA: Trinta molares humanos foram seccionados 3mm abaixo da superficie oclusal e aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos (n=10): G1 (controle), nenhum tratamento; G2, NaOCl; G3, NaOCl seguido por EDTA. Os especimes foram hibridizados com um sistema adesivo condicione-e-lave, foram restaurados com resino composta microhibrida e seccionados de forma a originar 4 amplulhetas de cada dente. As fatias foram submetidas ao teste de resistência de união à microtraçnao em máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL 2000) à uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min até o momento da fratura. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA seguido por Newman-Keuls. As amostras do G2 não foram submetidas aos testes de resistência de união pois fraturaram antes dos testes, e seus valores foram considerados zero para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A média e desvios-padrão foram (MPa): G1 - 8,41 (±3,51); G2 - 0,0 (±0,00); e G3 - 8,47 (±3,53). CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a irrigação com NaOCl diminui significativamente os valores de resistência de união. O uso de NaOCl seguido por EDTA resultaram em valores de resistência de união sem diferença estatística com o grupo controle.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the bond strength of a total-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 17% (EDTA). METHODS: Thirty human molars were sectioned 3mm below the oclusal surface and were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): G1, no treatment (control); G2, 1% NaOCl; G3, NaOCl followed by EDTA. The specimens received the total-etching adhesive system, restored with microhybrid composite resin, sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth. The slabs were tested in microtensile bond strength in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. G2 samples were not submitted to the test because they fractured just before testing, and its values were considered zero to the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations (MPa) were: G1, 8.41 (±3.51); G2, 0.0 (±0.00); G3, 8.47 (±3.53). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the application of the NaOCl irrigating solution significantly decreased the bond strength values. The use of NaOCl followed by EDTA resulted in bond strength values not statistically different from control group.

Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative materials. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface, polished with 600- to 1200-grit silicon carbide papers, and randomly divided into 3 groups: G1 (control): no irrigating solution; G2: 1% NaOCl; and G3: 1% NaOCl followed by the application of 17% EDTA. The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system (XENO III - Dentsply), restored with microhybrid composite resin (Z250 - 3M ESPE), sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth. The slabs were tested in microtensile strength in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Mean µTBS values and standard deviations in MPa were: G1 = 11.89 ± 4.22; G2 = 19.41 ± 5.32; G3 = 11.34 ± 4.73. 1% NaOCl increased the adhesive resistance significantly (p<0.001/F=22.5763). The application of 1% NaOCl/17% EDTA resulted in statistically similar µTBS to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: None of the irrigants affected negatively the µTBS of XENO III to dentin. The use of 1% NaOCl alone resulted in higher bond strength than the other treatments. The combination of 1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA produced similar bond strength to that of untreated dentin.

O objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi avaliar a resistência de união do cimento resinoso Epiphany™ às paredes dentinárias após aplicação de pastas de hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2]. Quinze dentes humanos uniradiculares foram igualmente instrumentados sob irrigação com as soluções de NaOCl 2,5% + EDTA. Os dentes foram divididos em três grupos (n=5) e tratados com diferentes pastas de Ca(OH)2: G1= Ca(OH)2 + soro fisiológico; G2= Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX e G3= tratado apenas com soro fisiológico (grupo controle). Após 10 dias de armazenamento a 37°C e 100% de umidade, as medicações foram removidas e os dentes obturados com o cimento Epiphany. Passadas 48 horas de armazenamento adicional, as amostras foram seccionadas tranversalmente em discos de 2 mm de espessura. Os testes de resistência de união (push-out) foram realizados em máquina de ensaio mecânico (1 mm/min) e os resultados expressos em MPa. Os testes de ANOVA e Newman-Keuls mostraram um significante decréscimo nos valores de resistência de união quando as pastas de Ca(OH)2 foram utilizadas (10,18 ± 1,99 e 9,98 ± 2,97) em comparação ao grupo controle (13,82 ± 3,9) (p<0,05). Pode-se concluir que o uso do Ca(OH)2 como medicação intracanal diminuiu a adesão do cimento Epiphany™ às paredes dos canais radiculares, embora os valores de resistência de união estejam dentro das médias aceitáveis encontradas na literatura.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of Epiphany™ resin-based sealer to dentin walls after placement of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] dressings. Fifteen extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA as irrigants. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=5), according to the intracanal dressing: G1= Ca(OH)2 + saline; G2= Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel; and G3= saline (control). After 10 days of storage in 100% humidity at 37ºC, the dressings were removed and the root canals were filled with Epiphany™ sealer. After additional 48 h of storage, the specimens were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed (1 mm/min, Instron 4411) and the maximum loads at failure were recorded in MPa. One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls tests showed a statistically significant decrease in bond strength when a Ca(OH)2 dressing was used before root canal filling with Epiphany™ (G1= 10.18 ± 1.99 and G2= 9.98 ± 2.97) compared to the control group (13.82 ± 3.9) (p< 0.05). It may be concluded that the use of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal dressing material affected the adhesion of Epiphany™ to the root canal walls, but even though the values were within the acceptable range found in the literature.

O objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi avaliar a capacidade de um cimento a base de silicone, em obturar canais laterais simulados, em comparação a um cimento à base de oxido de zinco e eugenol e um cimento resinoso. Trinta dentes humanos unirradiculares extraídos foram selecionados, a abertura coronária foi feita e o comprimento de trabalho foi determinado 1 mm aquém do forame apical. Foram confeccionados três canais laterais, um em cada terço radicular, em ambas as faces mesial e distal da raiz, usando um alargador 15 acoplado a um contra-ângulo em baixa rotação. Os canais foram instrumentados com sistema Protaper até a lima F3, sob irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, seguido de EDTA. Os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=10) e obturados com o cimento de Grossman, RoekoSeal ou Sealer 26, pela técnica da condensação lateral da gutta-percha. Foram feitas tomadas radiografias pós-operatórias, projetadas em aumentos de 20X para avaliação da qualidade das obturações. Os dados foram analisados estaticamente pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que o cimento de Grossman obturou um numero maior de canais laterais que o cimento RoekoSeal (p<0,05) e o Sealer 26 (p<0,01). Pode-se concluir que o cimento Roeko Seal não foi tão eficiente quanto o cimento de Grossman para o selamento de canais laterais, bem como, que os canais laterais situados no terço apical da raiz apresentaram maior dificuldade para serem obturados.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a importância da correta manipulação dos cimentos endodônticos à base de óxido de zinco-eugenol, correlacionando-a com o escoamento e a conseqüente obturação do sistema de canais radiculares. Vinte e quatro caninos humanos foram preparados a 1 mm do ápice anatômico com limas tipo K ("step-back", lima de memória número 50). Seis canais laterais artificiais foram confeccionados em cada dente, por meio de uma lima número 10 acoplada a um motor de baixa rotação. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos e obturados com Endométhasone<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ò</FONT> ou cimento de Grossman, em uma consistência clínica ideal e outra incorreta (excesso de eugenol). Após a obturação, pela técnica da condensação lateral, os dentes foram radiografados e avaliados quanto ao número de canais laterais obturados. A análise estatística revelou diferenças significantes (p < 0,001) entre os cimentos testados, indicando uma maior capacidade do cimento de Grossman bem manipulado em obturar canais laterais. Conclui-se que o escoamento de um cimento, bem como sua correta manipulação, são extremamente importantes para a obturação satisfatória do sistema de canais radiculares.

The objective of this research was to evaluate, in vitro, the importance of the correct manipulation of endodontic sealers, correlating it with flow rate and with the consequent obturation of root canals. Twenty-four human canines were prepared, 1 mm from the apex, with K-files up to size 50, by means of the step-back technique. Six lateral canals were then drilled in each tooth, with size 10 file fixed to a low-speed handpiece. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups, and root canals were obturated either with the Endométhasone<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ò</FONT> sealer or Grossman sealer, prepared at ideal or incorrect clinical consistency. After obturation by means of the lateral condensation technique, the teeth were radiographed and evaluated as to the number of sealed lateral canals. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the tested sealers, and indicated the higher capacity of the well-manipulated Grossman sealer to fill lateral canals. It can be concluded that the flow rate of a sealer and its correct manipulation are very important for the satisfactory obturation of lateral canals.